Abstract Surgery is currently the major approach treating kidney cancer, which is insensitive to chemo-/radio-therapy. However, due to the limitation of current diagnostic technique, certain number of patients has lost the opportunity of surgery. Therefore the searching for novel effective treatment approach is of critical importance. Ginsenoside Rg3 can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of various tumor cells. It effect in kidney cancer, however, is still lacked. This study thus treated kidney cancer cell line 786-O with ginsenoside Rg3 to illustrate its effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis, and investigated possible mechanism.Gradient concentrations of ginsenoside Rg3 was used to treat 786-O cells, whose proliferation was measured by CCK8 assay. The apoptotic rate was quantified using flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to measure protein expression levels of p-Akt, p-mTOR and p-STAT3. Ginsenoside Rg3 significantly inhibited proliferation of kidney cancer cell 786-O in a dose- and time-dependent manner: higher concentration and longer treatment time caused more significant inhibition on cell proliferation. Similar patterns also occurred for the induction for cell apoptosis by ginsenoside Rg3. The expression levels of p-Akt, p-mTOR and p-STAT3, however, were decreased with higher dosages of ginsenoside Rg3, and were negatively correlated with apoptotic ratio. Ginsenoside Rg3 can exert anti-tumor role via inducing apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation of 786-O cells, possibly via the blocking of Akt/mTOR/STAT3 pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy after extubation in patients with acute respiratory failure. METHODS: A single-center, prospective, randomized, controlled pilot trial was conducted between January 2013 and December 2014. Sixty enrolled patients were randomized immediately after extubation into either a high-flow nasal cannula group (n=30) or an air entrainment mask group (n=30) at a fixed inspired oxygen fraction (40%). The success rate of oxygen therapy, respiratory and hemodynamic parameters and subjective discomfort (using a visual analogue scale) were assessed at 24h after extubation. RESULTS: The two groups were comparable at extubation. A total of 46 patients were successfully treated including 27 patients in the high-flow nasal cannula group and 19 patients in the air entrainment mask group. Compared to the air entrainment mask group, the success rate of oxygen therapy and the partial pressure of arterial oxygen were significantly higher and the respiratory rate was lower in the high-flow nasal cannula group. In addition, less discomfort related to interface displacement and airway dryness was observed in the high-flow nasal cannula group than in the air entrainment mask group. CONCLUSIONS: At a fixed inspired oxygen fraction, the application of a high-flow nasal cannula after extubation achieves a higher success rate of oxygen therapy and less discomfort at 24h than an air entrainment mask in patients with acute respiratory failure.